The Double Progress of History

Ross McCullough explores a Christian theology of history, challenging both post-Christian teleologies and naively triumphalist Christian outlooks. Rather than viewing history as an untroubled linear advancement or a cyclical repetition, he argues for a model of "double progress"—the simultaneous progression of both good and evil driven by human responses to divine action. Utilizing the categories of heresy and paganism alongside a critique of Francis Fukuyama’s "end of history," the author demonstrates that historical development increases the extremity of moral outcomes.